Bilateral Vesicoureteral Reflux Complicated by Giant Pyelolithiasis: A Case Report

Abstract

We report a rare case of bilateral vesicoureteral reflux complicated by giant pyelolithiasis. A 6-month-old girl ran a fever over 1 week. She was admitted to our hospital and diagnosed as having urinary tract infection. US demonstrated a giant calcification in the left renal pelvis, and bilateral VUR was detected by VCUG. We suspected that an infection calculus formed in the left renal pelvis associated with VUR. Firstly, we removed the calculus by cutting the left renal pelvis open through a left flank incision. Secondly, we performed bilateral vesicoureteral neoanastomosis (Cohen) one month later. Infection calculi are usually classified as primary and secondary. The present case was regarded as a primary infection calculus because of the detection of Proteus by bacteriological examination, excretion of alkaline urine, which continued until lithotomy, and by calculus analysis. We expect that the prevention of urinary tract infection and lithiasis is possible after the operation.