Macroscopic Changes in the Mucous Membrane of Vaginal Vestibule during the Estrous Cycle of Female Asian Elephant

Abstract

This study attempted to clarify the relationship between macroscopic observation of the vaginal vestibule and changes in the blood progesterone level during the estrous cycle of female Asian elephants. Clear congestion was observed extensively on the mucous membrane of the vaginal vestibule when progesterone was at its lowest level. As the level increased, sporadic erythema and swelling as well as papules were observed near the congested area close to the vulva. However, the trend that congestion on the mucous membrane was alleviated as the blood progesterone level dropped was also noted.