高校運動部員の集団効力感に関する研究

―集団効力と部活動適応及び社会的スキルとの関係―

抄録

The purpose of this study was to develop the Collective Efficacy Scale for Japanese High School Athletes (CES-JHSA) and to investigate the relationship between the collective efficacy, the adjustment to school athletic clubs and competitive social skills on Japanese high school students. The subjects were 243 Japanese male high school students who were in high school baseball club (mean age=16.24, SD=0.63). The subjects were asked to answer a questionnaire from December 2005 to January 2006. This questionnaire was composed of socio demographical items, Collective Efficacy Scale that was derived from the Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sports (Short et. al., 2005) which was translated from English into Japanese, Adjustment Scale for School Athletic Clubs (ASSAC) (Katsura et al., 1990) and Competitive Social Skills Scale (CSSS) (Sugiyama, 2001). Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to develop the CES-JHSA. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between CES-JHSA and ASSAC or CSSS. In order to confirm the CSSS―ASSAC―CES-JHSA Model, covariance structure analysis was conducted on three scales. The results showed that CES-JHSA included a three-factor solution with 12 items and acceptable statistical requirements of internal consistencies and structural validities. Multiple regression analyses indicated that CES-JHSA was significantly and positively correlated with both the ASSAC and the CSSS. The fit indices of the new model and path coefficients between CSSS and ASSAC, ASSAC and CES-JHSA were statistically significant. The major findings of this study supported that CES-JHSA satisfied statistical reliabilities and structural validities. Furthermore, positive correlations among the scales indicated that psychological interventions that were composed of social skills training and structural encounter group can be effective to enhance the collective efficacy. In future research, in order to explore the effects of psychological variables to sport performance level, performance variables should be analyzed in this structural model.