大学生の野外教育プログラム参加による生きる力の変容

―ライフスキルとストレスを指標とした検討―

抄録

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Project Adventure (PA) Program as an outdoor education program on the mental health and the life skills of Japanese university students. The sample of this study includes 246 Japanese university students (male=107, female=139, mean age=20.16, SD=3.11) who were asked to answer a questionnaire composed of Mental Health Pattern (MHP ; Hashimoto et al., 2000) and Daily Life Skills Scale for University Students (Shimamoto et al., 2006) on the first day (pre test) and the last day (post test) of the PA program. The subjects were divided into three groups : Project Adventure Group (PA Group), Physical Education Group (PE Group) and Control Group. PA Group (male=22, female=17, mean age=20.21, SD=1.30) participated in the outdoor education program using the methods of PA, and PE Group (male=56, female=43, mean age=20.65, SD=2.99) took part in the sport activity lessons and Control Group (male=30, female=78, mean age=19.74, SD=3.58) was asked to answer the questionnaire in the regular lecture style lessons. In order to analyze the collected data from each group, Two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests were conducted on MHP and Daily Life Skills Scale for University Students. The statistical results showed that there were significant increases in the mean score of “Intrapersonal life skills (p<0.001)” and “Interpersonal life skills (p<0.001),” and significant decrease in the mean score of “Psychological stress (p<0.001)” between pre test and post test in PA Group. The results of the analyses also showed that the mean score of “Intrapersonal life skills” was significantly increased between pre test and post in PE Group (p<0.01). Meanwhile, significant differences in each variable between pre test and post test were not found in Control Group. These results indicated that the outdoor education program using the methods of PA could improve the mental health and the life skills of university students by enhancing the opportunities of communication and providing social support resources.