Abstract
This study aims to elucidate learners' actual listening processes during listening tests. Based on Adachi’s (2010) conceptual model and test-time video analysis, five stages were identified, along with three notable deviations from the original model. (1) A pre-listening stage involving reading the answer choices was observed, suggesting variation in learners' response processes; (2) There are differences in learners' response speeds; (3) Some learners did not engage in the post-question confirmation phase as defined in the original model.
