豐原にて觀測せる空間電荷に就いて(第一報)

抄録

Simultaneous continuous records of both space-charage and potential gradient have been made only at a small number of stations. The present paper is based on such a series of records obtained during the year 1934 at Toyohara Magnetic Observatory, S. Karahuto (S. Sakhalin).
The space-charge was recorded automatically on sensitized paper by spherical metal-cage method. To avoid the effect of contact potential difference the whole measuring system, metalc-age, collector, conducting wire and earthing wire, was made of the same metal, brass. The diameter of the spherical metal-cage was 1.19 in and the Radio thorium collector was used. It was connected to the quadrant electrometer of compton-type.
The annual variation shows a maximum 0.24 E. S. U. m^-3 in Winter and a minimum 0.10 E. S. U. m^-3 in Summer. The annual mean valued is 0.17 E. S. U. m^-3. The diurnal variation shows a flat maximum 0.24 E. S. U. m^-3 at about midnight and a minimum 0.08 E. S. U. m^-3 at about 13h. Fluctuations from the average state are remarkable in night hours and contrary in day hours, as can be seen from the figures inserted in the text. This is nue to the heterogeneity of the electrical state of the atmosphere near the earth surface, and rather slow variation of wind direction and velocity in night hours and contrary in day hours. The diurnal variation of potential gradient shows a first maximum in the morning and a second maximum in the evening as in other places, and its type very much differ from that of the space-charge. This may be due to the fact that the potential gradient not only depends on the density of space-charge but also on the surface-charge. Two examples of simultaneous records of the potential gradient and space-charge on the occasion of rain-fall and snow-fall are inserted in the text.