Some Statistical Relations of Atmospheric Pressure at M. S. L. and Temperature in the Upper Atmosphere over Batavia

Abstract

Symbols used:- H_c-Height of tropopause; T_c-Temperature at tropopause; P_{_??_}-Atmospheric pressure at M. S. L.; θ_n-Temperature at a height n kms.
Results obtained from sounding balloon ascents penetrating into the stratosphere over Batavia are well-known and often quoted. These results are almost continuously used as a perfect sample of equatorical air, and show that in tropical regions there is high correlations between barometric pressure at M. S. L. and temperature in the upper layer (or height of the tropopause) Some studies on the statistical relations of freeair temperature and pressure in tropical region have been worked out by P. R. Krishna Rao.⁽¹⁾
From the excellent Verhandelingen⁽²⁾ of the Batavia Observatory we worked out for dry season (June-Oct.) and rainy season (Dec. -May) separately, as seasonal variations may affect the values of correlation coefficient to a considerable extent.
In table 1 below only readings taken during ascent have been included and the information regarding the date and the height of the base of the stratosphere to which they refer has been gathered together. In calculating the following values corrections have not been made for instrumental errors.
W. H. Dines⁽³⁾ found that in middle latitudes a high temperature in the troposphere is associated with a high pressure at M. S. L., with a high level of the tropopause and with a low temperature at the base of the stratosphere.
We found that over Batavia a high pressure at M. S. L. is associated with a high temperature in the troposphere and with a low temperature at the base of stratosphere in the dry season, but in the rainy season a high pressure at M. S. L. is associated with a low temperature in the troposphere, with a low level of the tropopause and with a high temperature at the base of the stratosphere. This is effectively equivalent to saying that in rainy season the barometric change over Batavia is relatively shallow vertical structure, whose excess of pressure is due to excess of density in the lower troposphere.
The present study was carried out as a program of the 4th Comittee of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Scientific Research.