Public health policies for heat health in major countries

Overview of G20 member countries

Abstract

Objective: We reviewed the public health policies of major countries regarding heatstroke and heat-related illnesses, focusing on the content of each country and region's plans, and considering distinctive initiatives and their applicability to Japan. Methods: We examined the content of Heat Health Action Plans (HHAPs) and related plans as well as academic papers published on the Global Heat Health Information Network and websites of national and local governments in 17 G20 member countries. We reviewed each country's policies based on the eight core elements of HHAPs proposed by the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Results: while many countries have implemented measures, including establishing early warning systems, criteria and indicators vary by country. For example, each province in Canada has its own set of weather parameters and thresholds for issuing warnings. In Italy, warnings are sent to individuals through smartphone applications. In Australia, regulations are in place for housing design, and in China, Canada, Australia, and other countries, community building is promoted among older people living alone. Conclusion: We found that some countries have implemented effective early warning systems and measures that consider high-risk environments and populations including homes and older people.