Journal of the National Institute of Public Health
Online ISSN : 2432-0722
Print ISSN : 1347-6459
ISSN-L : 1347-6459
Topics
Public health policies for heat health in major countries
Overview of G20 member countries
Kei SHIMONOSONO , Asuka TAKEDA, Kaoruko SEINO, Dai SIMAZAKI, Jun TOMIO
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Keywords: heat stroke, public health policy, heat health action plans
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2025 Volume 74 Issue 2 Pages 157-168

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Abstract

【目的】熱中症に関する主要国の公衆衛生政策について，各国・地域の計画等の内容を中心に概観・整理し，特徴的な取り組みや日本への適用可能性について考察した． 【方法】G20参加国のうち情報が得られた17か国を対象に，Global Heat Health Information Networkや各国政府・州等のウェブサイト上で公開されているHeat Health Action Plans（HHAPs）），関連計画，学術論文等の内容を精査した．各国の政策について，世界保健機関（World Health Organization（WHO））欧州地域事務局が提案するHHAPsの8つの中核的要素に基づいて整理した． 【結果】早期警報システムの構築等は多くの国で実施されていたが，その基準や指標は国ごとに異なっており，例えば，カナダでは州単位で警報発出に係る気象項目と閾値を定めていた．また，イタリアではアプリを通じて警報を個人向けにも通知するなど，国独自の工夫もみられた．この他，オーストラリアでは，住宅設計のための規定が定められており，中国，カナダ，オーストラリア等では，一人暮らしの高齢者に対するコミュニティ形成が推奨されていた． 【結論】主要国の熱中症対策の調査を通じて，実効性の高い早期警報システムや住宅内や高齢者などリスクの高い環境・対象を意識した対策が実施されていることが把握できた．

Translated Abstract

Objective: We reviewed the public health policies of major countries regarding heatstroke and heat-related illnesses, focusing on the content of each country and region's plans, and considering distinctive initiatives and their applicability to Japan. Methods: We examined the content of Heat Health Action Plans (HHAPs) and related plans as well as academic papers published on the Global Heat Health Information Network and websites of national and local governments in 17 G20 member countries. We reviewed each country's policies based on the eight core elements of HHAPs proposed by the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Results: while many countries have implemented measures, including establishing early warning systems, criteria and indicators vary by country. For example, each province in Canada has its own set of weather parameters and thresholds for issuing warnings. In Italy, warnings are sent to individuals through smartphone applications. In Australia, regulations are in place for housing design, and in China, Canada, Australia, and other countries, community building is promoted among older people living alone. Conclusion: We found that some countries have implemented effective early warning systems and measures that consider high-risk environments and populations including homes and older people.

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© National Institute of Public Health, Japan

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