Universal Dependencies for Japanese Based on Long-Unit Words by NINJAL

Abstract

Universal dependencies (UD) are part of an international project that aims to construct cross-lingual dependency treebanks. The consistent annotation standards of grammar (parts of speech, morphological features, and syntactic dependencies) are defined across different languages and compiled as treebanks of more than 100 languages. The languages written without word delimitation must define the word units of their syntactic words on the UD guideline. The preceding UD Japanese resources are based on the short-unit words by NINJAL, which is defined by their lexicon-based morphology. This study introduces UD Japanese resources UD_Japanese_BCCWJ-GSDLUW, UD_Japanese_PUDLUW, and UD_Japanese_BCCWJLUW based on the long-unit words by NINJAL, which are more suitable as syntactic words than NINJAL’s short-unit words in Japanese.