Abstract
Objective: To develop a remote, live ultrasound education program using video conferencing and an on-demand ultrasound program utilizing virtual reality (VR) as nonface-to-face modes of education to obtain learning outcomes comparable to those of face-to-face education for beginners. Methods: Undergraduate nursing students, the participants, were divided into face-to-face, remote live, and VR-on-demand groups; each group was enrolled in a 30-min program. The volume of the participants’ bladder urine was measured using ultrasonography. Then, the difference between the measured volume (ml ) and the true value was calculated for each group and compared among the three groups.
Furthermore, subjectivity was assessed after the completion of the program. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the value of the difference between the bladder urine volume (ml) and the true value. The face-to-face/remote live group demonstrated considerably higher satisfaction than the other two groups, whereas the
remote live group showed considerably higher comprehension than the VR on-demand group. Conclusions: A new educational program enabling beginners to learn how to measure the amount of urine in the bladder using ultrasonography in 30 min is as effective in nonface-to-face education as in face-to-face education.
