Deletion of Nmnat1 in Skeletal Muscle Leads to the Reduction of NAD⁺ Levels but Has No Impact on Skeletal Muscle Morphology and Fiber Types

Abstract

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) is a coenzyme that mediates many redox reactions in energy metabolism. NAD⁺ is also a substrate for ADP-ribosylation and deacetylation by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and sirtuin, respectively. Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1 (Nmnat1) is a NAD⁺ biosynthesizing enzyme found in the nucleus. Recent research has shown that the maintaining NAD⁺ levels is critical for sustaining muscle functions both in physiological and pathological conditions. However, the role of Nmnat1 in skeletal muscle remains unexplored. In this study, we generated skeletal muscle-specific Nmnat1 knockout (M-Nmnat1 KO) mice and investigated its role in skeletal muscle. We found that NAD⁺ levels were significantly lower in the skeletal muscle of M-Nmnat1 KO mice than in control mice. M-Nmnat1 KO mice, in contrast, had similar body weight and normal muscle histology. Furthermore, the distribution of muscle fiber size and gene expressions of muscle fiber type gene expression were comparable in M-Nmnat1 KO and control mice. Finally, we investigated the role of Nmnat1 in muscle regeneration using cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury model, but muscle regeneration appeared almost normal in M-Nmnat1 KO mice. These findings imply that Nmnat1 has a redundancy in the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle.