学牧が身近な森林で体験活動を行うための実施プロセスに関する理論研究

抄録

Making active outdoor experiences in nature a form of school education demands the practical use of regional areas and cooperation with regional communities. Holding outdoor experiences in nature would be manageable for school teachers if their management processes were clarified. So we have analyzed the management process and structural elements of outdoor experiences in nature through a reference survey, and verified the results with a case study of management of a forest experience activity held by a primary school with supporters form the region. The structural elements of the outdoor experience in nature were “purpose,” “contents,” “time,” “place,” “learners,” “leaders,” “cost,” and “methods.” The management process was arranged in three steps including four sub elements, as follows: 1. Planning step- 1) Make clear the aim and preconditions of the educational activities and 2) Make a plan after examining the above structural elements, 2. Operational step -1) Advanced preparation, including preliminary discussions and surveys, preparation of teaching materials, prior contact and crisis management, and (2) Conduct on the day, and 3. Assessment step. Supporters played two kinds of roles: arrangement of individual elements, such as offering a usable field, and helping the whole of the management process, such as by making plans. Additional work was a comparative study of other types of activities, then examining the outdoor experience management system.