Abstract
The purpose of this study was to review the empirical research on environmental literacy in camp programs in the United States. The criteria for the review were1) the period from 1960 to1997, 2) camp programs as independent variables, 3) environmental literacy as dependent variables and 4) quality of the research; doctoral dissertations and refereed articles published in related journals. The reviewed research was organized into separate periods for each decade from1960. The review of 29 American research studies indicated that research mainly evaluated environmental attitude and knowledge, but also identified a variety of types, durations, sponsorships and contents of camp programs. It is recommended that evaluation of environmental attitude and knowledge is increased in environmetal education program in short-term camps and agency and commercial camps and adventure education programs in Japan.
