キプロス島とミケーネ文明
1973 年 16 巻 2 号 p. 139-155,189
詳細
1973 年 16 巻 2 号 p. 139-155,189
Cyprus has received attentions of many foreign powers because of her copper and her suitable location for the trade and the strategic point in the east Mediterranean.
Her relation with Mycenaean civilization can be roughly divided into three stages as follows;
1) the trade. Its zenith was shown by the overwhelming appearance of the Pictorial style pottery in Cyprus, wherever the homeland of this style might be. Not as the colonists but as the residents, especially at Enkomi and Kition, the Mycenaean merchants and craftmen were engagedin the trade with the Mycenaean world and the Levant. Though this trade brought Cyprus prosperity, it seems that they had not so great political power in Cyprus. And by the 13th century B. C. they became independent from the Mainland to some extent. Cyprus had not belonged to the Mycenaean world yet.
2) the refuge of the Mycenaean civilization. Soon after a series of the destructions in the Mycenaean world at the end of the 13th century B. C., Cyprus also suffered from destructions but in the rebuilt cities we can see the high standard of the technique of LH. IIIB which no more in the Mainland. Before the culture of the Mycenaean refugees gave influences on that of Cyprus fundamentally, there happened the second destruction in Cyprus and many destricts were desolated. Both destructions in Cyprus, I think, were caused by the Sea People. The Mycenaean Greeks among them played the leading part in their movements toward the east. The Trojan war, for instance, was one of the conflicts between them and the great powers of the east. After the final destruction in c. 1150 B. C., the Mycenaean Greeks again began to immigrate in Cyprus and other places. This series of immigrants succeeded in establishing themselves in Cyprus and introduced the Granary class pottery which influenced on the Cypriot ones. When Cyprus got out of the following Dark Ages, she had been almost completely hellenized.
3) influence on the Greek world. Though the center of the culture had disappeared and the so called Dark Ages had begun, the Mycenaean way of life in the Mainland still continued in narrow streams untill the middle of the 11th century B. C., when iron used as working tools and the Protogeometric pottery appeared. These novelities, which seem to have received some influences from Cyprus or through Cyprus from somewhere in the east, introduced the new era.
