Abstract
The primary purpose of this article is to publicize the interaction between Egypt and Nubia around 3000 B. C. Ancient Egyptian culture has always developed its own culture by adopting several contemporary cultures. Although it was understood that the main influence on Egyptian culture was from Mesopotamia, there is another possibility-Nubia. G. A. Reisner called this culture the Nubian A-Group culture. Nubian A-Group sites were found in abundance throughout Lower Nubia. Recent works show that the Nubian A-Group culture had a sophisticated society; rich graves of the rulers in Qustul contained many luxury goods from Egypt. The Qustul Incense Burner, which was carved with Pharaonic iconographies, was especially significant.
This article examines the Nubian A-Group culture by focusing on Pharaonic iconographies of Qustul Incense Burner and reconfirms that Egypt and Nubia had close relationship.
