We propose an integrated procedure for image-based non-linear analysis of composite materials with the nodal-integration finite element method (NI-FEM), which is named the “image-based NI-FEM”. First, we introduce the NI-FEM based on node-based approximation in place of conventional element-based FEM, and explain the method of imposing the compatibility conditions at material interface. Secondly, the computational implementations of image-based NI-FEM are presented for realizing seamless modeling and analysis for composite materials by means of the level-set function and Delaunay triangulation. Finally, after carrying out several peformance assessment of NI-FEM for the analysis of elastic-plastic composite materials, we demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed method to characterize the non-linear material behavior of composite materials in conjunction with the homogenization analysis.