地域移動と社会移動をめぐる「了解」の変化

―福井市内高校の50年間の卒業生への調査より―

抄録

    This paper describes how people understand the relationship between internal migration and social mobility, and how this understanding has changed from the period of rapid economic growth to the subsequent period of migration turnaround. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey and interviews conducted with Fukui-city public high school graduates from the late 1950s to the early 2000s.
    The eldest cohort lived in a time when not only college graduates but also high school graduates who did not continue on to college were understood to have a better chance of attaining a higher occupational status through internal migration. However, high school graduates from the next cohort were less likely to move beyond Fukui prefecture through their employment, while migration aimed at college enrollment increased. The number of college graduates returning to Fukui to seek employment also increased. Internal migration came to be understood to relate to social mobility only through higher education. Internal migration to attain a college education became almost a requirement for the youngest cohort to maintain the equivalent social status to their parents and also to remain identified with the reference groups of their own generation. In parallel, polarization emerged among college graduates based on the ranking of their high school. Graduates from highly ranked high schools tended to remain outside Fukui after finishing college, while other high school graduates tended to return to Fukui after college. Although the internal migration experience extended to the broader population in the third cohort, for most of them, migration and social mobility no longer seemed to be related to each other.