日本において、不利な近隣への居住は大学進学に影響を与えるか

抄録

    This paper examines the effects of living in a disadvantaged neighborhood on university enrollment in Japan. Since Wilson published “The Truly Disadvantaged” in 1987, the effects of living in a disadvantaged neighborhood have been recognized as neighborhood effects in sociological research on urban poverty. In Japan, many case studies have reported the existance of neighborhood effects on educational attainments in disadvantaged neighborhoods. On the other hand, due to shortage of quantitative studies, it has not been clear to what extent the neighborhood effects work in Japan, and whether this phenomenon can be confirmed in general throughout Japan. In this paper, I use a longitudinal study conducted in Japan and analyze the effect of living in a disadvantaged neighborhood using propensity score matching and stratification-multilevel model to examine the extent to which living in a disadvantaged neighborhood suppresses university enrollment rate and whether living in a disadvantaged neighborhood has heterogeneous effects. The results confirm that the neighborhood effects exist widely in Japan as well, and that living in a disadvantaged neighborhood suppresses the university enrollment rate by 12.3 percentage points, and that living in a disadvantaged neighborhood suppresses university enrollment to a greater extent for those who have characteristics that make them more likely to live in a disadvantaged neighborhood.