パーリ聖典『スッタニパータ』における涅槃

註釈『パラマッタ・ジョーティカー』の解釈と比較して

抄録

In this paper, I examine philologically all the nibbāna-related words in Suttanipāta (Sn), a unique and famous Pāli sutta that contains the oldest strata of Pāli Buddhist texts. And the meanings of the nibbāna-related words in Sn are compared with their interpretations of the commentary, Paramatthajotikā (Pj). In analyzing each nibbāna-related word, when it is about the state of a person, I also focus on whether each word in the context of the sutta [I] implies nibbāna in the present life, [II] implies nibbāna at and after the end of life, or [III] does not make clear the timing of nibbāna. As a result, I find that a relatively large number of nibbāna-related words in Sn, although the contexts clearly indicate a living person, [III] do not make clear the timing of nibbāna. This suggests a new understanding that the Sn author, unlike the commentator, does not intend to differentiate between [I] nibbāna in the present life and [II] nibbāna at and after the end of life, but only intends to show, with no concern of its timing, the fact of the attainment of nibbāna. Pj takes these “two types of nibbāna” as a premise and reflects orthodox Theravada ideas of nibbāna, which are evidently a later development. The two are called “nibbāna with remainder” (in life) and “nibbāna without remainder,” and in this case, the remainder means khandha (Skt. skandha), the constituents of the person, or roughly speaking, the body.