Separation of Water-Insoluble and Neutral Linear Synthetic Polymers in Nonaqueous Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Using Phosphonium-Based Ionic Liquid

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The separation of neutral and water-insoluble linear synthetic polymers in non-aqueous capillary zone electrophoresis using the hydrophobic phosphonium-based ionic liquid trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride (P₆₆₆₁₄Cl) were investigated using polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylates, polybutadiene, and polycarbonate as test analytes. The solubility of P₆₆₆₁₄Cl in tetrahydrofuran was above 500 mM, which was significantly higher than that of the general ionic surfactants used in our previous studies. The separation of the four polymers was achieved using a binary mixture of tetrahydrofuran/methanol or tetrahydrofuran/acetonitrile containing P₆₆₆₁₄Cl as the electrophoretic medium. It was confirmed that an increase in hydrophobicity or bulkiness of the cationic reagent improved the polymer separation. The interaction between polycarbonate with P₆₆₆₁₄Cl was reduced by the addition of acetonitrile, and enhanced by the methanol addition.