Effect of H₂-Receptor Antagonists on Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatic Injury

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The effects of H₂-antagonists on acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury were examined. Rats were administered acetaminophen at the dose of 800 mg/kg body, 60 hr after injection of 3-methylcholanthrene. As an H₂-antagonist, cimetidine (200 mg/kg), ranitidine (50 mg or 100 mg/kg), or famotidine (20 mg or 40 mg/kg) was administered before and after acetaminophen injection. The group administered only acetaminophen had been severely damaged as evaluated by changes in serum transaminase, P-450 content, aminopyrine demethylation, glutathione content and histological study, but administration of 200 mg cimetidine together with acetaminophen significantly reduced the hepatic injury to nearly the control level. Ranitidine had no protective effect against hepatic injury at the dose of 50 mg, which appears to have the same antacid effect as 200 mg cimeitdine, whereas it had a slight but significant protective effect as evaluated by the transaminase level, glutathione content and histological study at the dose of 100 mg. Famotidine had no effect against acetaminophen induced hepatic injury. Because famotidine had no effect, the protection by H₂-antagonist against acetaminopheninduced hepatic injury cannot be explained by the decrease in hepatic blood flow alone. Therefore, inhibition of P-450 activity seems to be more important for reducing the generation of the reactive metabolites of acetaminophen than hepatic blood flow decrease.