養護教諭の職業的アイデンティティに関連する要因

抄録

Background: To increase the health awareness and healthy behaviors of schoolchildren, it is indispensable to improve the professional qualities and abilities of Yogo teachers, who play a central role in school health practices. Toward this end, it is considered essential for Yogo teachers to form and develop their professional identity. However, the factors that may influence their professional identity have not been clearly identified as no scale for professional identity has been developed for Yogo teachers.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the factors related to the formation of professional identity among Yogo teachers using the professional identity scale for Yogo teachers （Professional Identity Scale for Yogo Teachers, hereafter PISY）.

Methods: An anonymous, self-report questionnaire survey was conducted targeting 1,960 Yogo teachers working in three prefectures in the Tohoku, Kanto, and Koshinetsu regions. The survey included 5 items on basic attributes, 48 items on PISY, and 29 items concerning factors relevant to a Yogo teacher's professional identity. To identify the relevance of elements, such as Yogo teachers' professional philosophy, attitude, and work environment, factor analyses were conducted on 25 items concerning relevant factors using maximum likelihood factor analysis with promax rotation. Correlations with PISY and between relevant factors (RF) were examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient. One-way analysis of variance was used to examine Yogo teachers' career selection timing and decision-making process, and a t-test was used to examine relevance to everyday life.

Results: Factor analyses of Yogo teachers’ professional philosophy, attitude, and work environment, among other factors, resulted in the extraction of “sense of discrimination and isolation in the workplace” (RF I)), “social support in the workplace” (RF II)), “knowledge and skills as a Yogo teacher” (RF III)), and “sense of fulfillment and satisfaction in the Yogo teacher profession” (RF IV). Among these, RF I, II, III, and IV (all relevant factors) were found to correlate with PISY total score (from factor I (F I) to factor IV (F IV)). Concerning career decision timing, PISY F IV, “conviction of career choice as a Yogo teacher,” demonstrated a significant difference, whereas PISY F III, “intention to make social contributions,” F IV, “conviction of career choice as a Yogo teacher,” and PISY total score were found to have significant differences for career selection process. A weak but significant positive correlation was identified for level of satisfaction in everyday life and PISY total score.

Conclusion: Improving“sense of fulfillment and satisfaction in the Yogo teacher profession,” “knowledge and skills as a Yogo teacher,” and “social support in the workplace,” which facilitates feelings of professional accomplishment and approval, are essential for the formation and development of professional identity among Yogo teachers. Further, it is desirable to promote career education that accounts for teachers’ career timing and decision-making process.