Abstract

Cybernetics first introduced by Norbert Wiener in 1940's has been inter- or meta-disciplinary science and this has been one of the most attractive and fruitful aspects of the cybernetics community. In this kind of community many new ideas have been emerged. Here two major conceptual developments of cybernetics would be pointed and discussed. One is the line from self-regulation to self-organization, autopoiesis, and self-reference, and the other is the line from first-order cybernetics to second-order cybernetics. Finally the potentiality of cybernetics to open the door to the new era in the area of medicine and psychotherapy would be discussed with a few brief examples.