Relationship between health-related quality of life assessed using the Japanese version of the Short Form-8 and all-cause mortality in the O City Cohort II survey: a 13-year follow-up of residents in rural Japan

Abstract

Objective: To elucidate the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and all-cause mortality in O City, Ehime Prefecture, Japan, using the Basic Resident Registration data collected over a 13-year follow-up period.

Materials and Methods: Using the Basic Resident Registration System, we analyzed data from 3,398 middle-aged Japanese participants (1,409 men and 1,989 women) who had completed a detailed lifestyle questionnaire and were followed until death, relocation, or survival between 2009 and 2022. HRQOL was measured using the Short Form-8 Health Survey (SF-8). Physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary scores were derived from the eight SF-8 subscales. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied to examine the associations between HRQOL and all-cause mortality, adjusting for the following covariates: age, body mass index, elevated blood pressure/hypertension, dyslipidemia, prediabetes/diabetes, alcohol consumption, smoking, solitary living, and physical activity.

Results: A total of 317 deaths occurred during the 13-year follow-up period. After adjustment for nine covariates, a low PCS score (hazard ratio=1.51; 95% confidence interval: 1.05–2.15) in men was significantly associated with all-cause mortality.

Conclusion: Among men, a low PCS score was significantly associated with all-cause mortality.