Abstract
We propose a new framework for visual control of motile cells in three-dimensional (3-D) space. Our goal is to utilize microorganisms as micro-robots in various applications. This requires two elements; noncontact and noninvasive actuation, and precise measurement in 3-D space. In our framework, galvanotaxis (locomotor response to electrical stimulus) is used to actuate and 3-D tracking of swimming cells is used to measure. Experimental results for closed-loop motion control of Paramecium cells in the 3-D space demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed framework and the possibility of using microorganisms as micromachines.
