Large-scale commercialization of high-temperature superconducting wires and challenges in compact fusion

Abstract

Nearly 40 years after the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity (HTS), a promising application has emerged: compact fusion comprising the use of REBa₂Cu₃O_x (REBCO, RE: rare-earth element) HTS wires. The key technology here is a large and high field HTS magnet, with a supply of REBCO wire extending over several hundred million kilometers. This report presents a review of the technical path toward the mass production of REBCO wires, primarily using the ion beam assisted deposition–pulsed laser deposition (IBAD–PLD) method. Furthermore, the challenges of the wire research and development (R&D) and compact-fusion application prospects are briefly outlined. The effort described in the R&D history should serve as a reference for young researchers, engineers, and entrepreneurs to lead the next generation of industries and economies.