Wetting phenomena and design of liquid-repellent surfaces

Abstract

Wetting is ubiquitous in nature and contributes significantly to industrial processes. This commentary focuses on solid/fluid interaction, which summarizes the fundamentals of wetting phenomena (surface tension, droplet shape, capillary force, and wetting models), the design strategy for liquid-repellent interfaces (superhydrophobic/superoleophobic surfaces and liquid marble), and the associated cutting-edge applications. The relevant equations utilize only thermodynamics concepts taught in high school and are explained concisely such that even beginners can understand them sensibly. Additionally, typical examples are provided.