Abstract
In the seismic analysis of elevated bridges, the hyteretic behavior of pier base-to-footing connections has to be considered in case the magnitude of the pier base restraint is small or the connections are damaged during earthquakes. However, the hysteretic connection models presented so far are limited to those subjected to in-plane cyclic bending under constant vertical load. Herein, a versatile 3D connection model based on the component method is proposed for the behavior under cyclic biaxial bending and axial force fluctuations. This model is easily implemented in the customary commercial software. The validity of the proposed model is comfirmed by the experimental results under cyclic biaxial bending.
