Abstract
Severe coastal disasters by storm waves have occurred even many breakwaters and seawalls have constructed with progressive researches and techniques of design for structures. For examples, 10 typhoons attacked Japanese coast in 2004 and these storm waves damaged a lot of structures at any harbors and costal lines in Japan. In addition, long period swells categorized as an unexpected wave penetrated to several coasts and overtopped in 2006, 2007 and 2008. Such waves would become high waves on shallow water due to shoaling, especially on a root of submerged cape due to concentration of refracted waves on deeper bathymetry. In this study, these coastal disasters are classified focusing to characteristics of high waves with re-composing a few papers studied on mechanism of damage to each breakwater or seawall in coastal area.
