2019 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages I_492-I_497
Suitable physical characteristics associated with wave and current for rearing juvenile Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum (artificial seeds) using a suspended culturing system was investigated in the field survey within a live fish preservation in Era Fishing Port (Matsumae Town), southwestern Hokkaido, Japan and laboratory experiments. The results indicated that the use of fixed cage and the placement of substrate were important for their growth as well as different types of substrate such as gravel and pumice, depending on the different life stages of the clam.