PROPOSAL OF OVERTURNING CRITERIA OF GRAVESTONES DURING EARTHQUAKE AND VERIFICATION OF ITS APPLICABILITY

Abstract

In this study, overturning criterion of unreinforced gravestones during earthquake is developed by using the 3-dimensional distinct element method. The overturning criterion estimates the height/width ratio of gravestones which overturns under a given peak ground acceleration for each frequency. The overturning criterion of reinforced gravestones with steel bar is also developed. The validity of criteria is confirmed by comparing with the shaking table results. Finally, overturning rate of gravestones in Tottori is estimated by combining the overturning criteria and the cumulative density function of the height/width ratio. The estimated overturning rate is compared with the actual data observed after the 2000 Tottori-ken Seibu earthquake.