It is well known that in 30% of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who complain of vertigo there is a high risk of cerebral infarction. From 1982 to 1991 24 patients with AF and vertigo (AF group) were diagnosed as having vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI). Their otoneurological findings were compared with those of 175 patients with vertigo due to VBI but no AF (VBI group). The incidence was much higher than that in the VBI group (4.6%). The AF group with cerebral infarction had a higher incidence of nystagmus (42.3%) than did the VBI group (7.7%), so it is suspected that nystagmus in AF patients with vertigo is a predictor of cerebral infarction.