第二次大戦前後フランスの経済政策と経済思想の革新

ケインズ主義の受容過程

抄録

This considers the evolution of economic ideas in France before and after the Second World War, relating it to the reception of Keynesianism. In France, criticism of the “Laissez-Faire” and of Liberalism was primarily made not by university economists but by planist and économiste-ingénieur who professed the ideas of Economie Dirigée (Managed Economy). In this period, small groups espousing Keynesian principles emerged among them. As a result, the theoretical debate was less important and the main aspect of the reception was rather practical.
They were concerned with the American New Deal, and under its influence, supported the financial and fiscal policy, devaluation and public works by a deficit spending, to stimulate the recovery until “Blum Experiment”. With the fall of the Blum cabinet, they were more concerned by the relative retardation in technologie and productive equipment which caused low supply capacity of French industry.
The defeat against Germany in 1940 accelerated the consciousness of economic retardation. Many leaders, conscious of a crisis of National Power, accepted Keynesianism as means for achieving a Managed Economy. During the War, leaders of the Resistance and Vichy officials introduced Keynesianism as means to the Planning. The Monnet Plan formulated after the War was strengthened in this way, while in France Keynesianism inspired supply-side actions and basis for economic modernization.