地域保健における住民の主体形成と組織活動

―松川町の事例を中心として―

抄録

This study is a descriptive, comparative study which attempts to explore the nature of autonomous community organizations involved in self help health activities . The data was collected by individual interviews with representatives from 36 community organizations which dealt with health problems in Matsukawa-cho, ma-gun, Nagano-ken, Japan, from April, 1980 to March, 1981. The research findings are as follows. 1. Almost all activities of the community organizations, which are comprised of various small groups, are based on BURAKU (neighborhood communities). The organiza tions are autonomous with regards to structure, financing, activities, and the election of ficials. Co-ordination of activities of the organizations is carried out at the town level through meetings. 2. The joing process of decision making is considered to be important. Themes are diverse and relate to community life and activities. 3. Professionals are deeply involved with the organizational activities. Among the professionals are public health nurses, the social science teacher, and the nutritionist. The professionals have expertise in the areas of organizational management, and in the clarification of problems through people's self help activities and fact finding studies. 4. The people's expectations of the professionals is clear. The adult educator is to be a teacher, directly assisting in their learning; an organizer; and a supervisor of the other professionals. The public health nurses are co-workers in the diagnosis and treatment of problems; organizers and facilitators; and health specialists. The people expect the professionals to help them to develop and deepen their own understandings . They see themselves as the initiators, and the professionals as a support team . This view is particularly strong with respect to the physicians. 5. While activities are centered around small groups, the groups function as a system which reaches throughout the town. The connection of each professional and the supporting local administration is well defined, and secures the professional's role within the system.