This article conveys a general idea of what the author reported in the annual convention of Japan Sociology-of-Law Association, 1983, Tokyo. It starts with a brief historical overview of Neighborhood Justice Centers in the United States, a new mechanism of minor dispute processing, and describes some important points relevant to this issue. Among other things, it focuses on the arguments presented by proponents as well as critics of the Justice Centers movement, with the intention of applying their implications to the understanding of the problems we do and will have in extra-judicial mechanisms in Japan.