Abstract
This study focused on developing a stable compost production strategy for agricultural by-products. The research aimed to optimize microbial activity during composting through three areas of investigation: understanding the characteristics of organic waste resources, developing pretreatment methods to enhance biodegradation, and exploring the use of microbial agents and biochar to reduce odors. The analysis revealed that agricultural by-products have high organic matter content and are suitable for composting, particularly when mixed with a ratio of 60% or more of livestock meal. Chemical pretreatment, targeting the combination of hemicellulose and lignin, was found to promote organic matter decomposition by microorganisms. Furthermore, the study demonstrated the effectiveness of soil and biochar as additives in reducing NH3 emissions during composting. The addition of Bacillus sp. React3 (OL440405) also contributed to NH3 reduction. However, when biochar and microorganisms were combined, there was a slight increase in ammonia concentration compared to the treatment with only microorganisms. The findings of this study hold promise for the development of compost production technology, aiming to promote the recycling of organic waste such as food waste, and stimulate the rural economy. By implementing efficient composting processes tailored to the characteristics of agricultural organic waste, the study seeks to contribute to a sustainable resource recycling system that addresses waste management challenges and environmental concerns
