The aim of this study was to investigate the nationwide realities of consumer behaviors regarding the reduction of single-use plastics and to assess their acceptability through awareness campaigns. An online survey was conducted to achieve this objective. The results revealed that approximately 50% of respondents rarely used disposable containers for drinking tea, water, or coffee at home, while about 70% can avoid them to some extent. As for sports drinks, about 10% rarely use them, and 40% will be able to avoide to some extent. Similarly, approximately 30% of individuals utilized personal water bottles at their workplaces or schools, and about 10% refilling them exclusively from water dispensers or taps. However, nearly 60% of respondents are able to use personal water bottles to some extent, and approximately 40% can engage in refilling them. Concerning plastic bags, around 20% of participants rarely use them for waste bins outside the kitchen or restroom, while 50-60% were able to reduce their usage to some degree. Furthermore, 10-30% of respondents consistently refused straws, disposable cutlery during take-out, and toothbrush sets at accommodations, while more than 60% were capable of refusing them to a certain extent.

A questionnaire survey was conducted on local governments that collect product plastics, regarding collection targets, collection methods, collection frequency, foreign matter contamination in collected materials, and examples of troubles at collection sites. As a result, it was found that the method of collecting product plastic in the same bag as containers and packaging plastic and collecting it without specifying the bag at the place where combustible waste is generated is the most collectable method of product plastic. and Many of the foreign objects are mixed with metals, and the cause is that the products are not designed on the assumption that they will be separated, so it is difficult for citizens to separate them. Assuming collection in Imizu City, Toyama Prefecture, it was estimated that 102 tons of product plastic could be collected annually, assuming the same collection method as the current collection method for plastic containers and packaging. Since the load on collection and transportation vehicles is expected to increase, it has become clear that caution is required at the start of collection.

The use of one's own bottle will reduce packaging waste and greenhouse gases. While coffee may be available in one's own bottle, package-free sales of japanese tea beverages are rarely found in permanent locations. The purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility and promotion of the use of package-free sales of tea beverages by clarifying (1) consumers' evaluation of package-free sales of japanese tea beverages and (2) their selection factors, assuming that drink dispensers are sold at convenience stores. The results of the conjoint analysis showed that, in terms of dispenser functions, the marginal willingness to pay for the ability to adjust the concentration and temperature was the highest at about 36 yen. In addition, the intention to choose one's own bottle the benefit of keeping the bottle cold/warm, and the frequency of using one's own bottle had a direct impact on the choice of one's own bottle. The intention to choose one's own bottle was mainly influenced by the need to refill one's own bottle, the benefits provided by a container that can be kept cold/warm, and the appearance of the bottle, which was evaluated as fashionable.

This study estimates the impact of the unit-based pricing policy on municipal solid waste in Akita City using the DID method and synthetic control method. The obtained results show that the emission of municipal solid waste generated per person in Akita City decreased by about 40 kg per year compared to before the introduction of the unit-based pricing policy. This value is equivalent to a 17% reduction in municipal solid waste in Akita City, suggesting that Akita City's unit-based pricing policy has been effective.

The final disposal of radioactively contaminated waste generated during the decontamination process following TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident is a critical objective set to be accomplished by 2045. Among the various types of waste targeted for disposal, the thermal treated fly ash from the temporary treatment facility poses a significant challenge due to its high radioactivity resulting from the concentration of cesium. In order to establish an effective disposal and treatment system for this highly radioactively contaminated waste, we have been investigating the relationship between technology options and the feasibility of final disposal facilities, with a focus on intermediate treatment technologies such as recycling and volume reduction. This study aims to examine reasonable treatment and disposal methods by setting up volume reduction scenarios specifically for the thermal treated fly ash. The study evaluates the impact of different combinations of volume reduction technologies to estimate the effects of these options. The results reveal that the introduction of volume reduction technology significantly reduces the amount of waste that requires disposal. However, the study also highlights the importance of addressing challenges related to the proper disposal of secondary waste generated during the volume reduction process. This study examines the relationship between technology selection and the feasibility of final disposal facilities for radioactive waste. It emphasizes the need for effective treatment methods, particularly volume reduction, while acknowledging the challenges associated with managing secondary waste. The findings contribute to ongoing efforts in determining appropriate approaches for the safe disposal of radioactive waste from the Fukushima disaster.

There are few examples of surveys and research on the actual status of the entities and contents of activities and the quantity and quality of litter collected.

In this study, as a basic research to grasp the actual status of littering and scattered litter and its collection activities, it is attempted to categorize the activities of local governments and activity groups including volunteers, and to estimate the amount of litter collected per unit of production.

This study aimed to evaluate the environmental impact of plastic packaging waste resulting from changes in the demand for Food delivery and takeaway services (FDTS) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey was conducted among Osaka residents to understand the changes in FDTS use before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The web survey revealed that there was a 5.8 % increase in the demand for FDTS during the COVID-19 pandemic. Next, the annual plastic packaging waste emissions associated with FDTS and the corresponding CO₂ emissions from the manufacturing of plastic containers were estimated. The annual amount of plastic packaging waste consumed as a result of FDTS was estimated to be 5,280 t (4,531–6,497 t) during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the annual CO₂ emissions from plastic container manufacturing and waste treatment were estimated to be 65,900 t CO₂ (55,300–81,000 t CO₂). These results revealed that plastic packaging waste and CO₂ emission increased 1.36-fold during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The municipal solid waste collection service is one of the most important lifelines that support social life. Especially in the event of a pandemic such as COVID-19, the quarantine function of promptly removing waste from the city is demonstrated. Therefore, it is necessary to continue the service without delay even when the infection spreads and social activities stagnate, and it is necessary to introduce effective infection prevention measures that are balanced with smooth implementation of collection services. We conducted a questionnaire survey of municipalities with jurisdiction over refuse collection services to investigate infection prevention measures adopted in a series of refuse collection operations during the COVID-19 outbreak that began in 2020. In accordance with the characteristic that droplet infection is the main route of infection, the municipalities adopted the following infection prevention measures in their MSW collection operations: avoidance of the so-called "three Cs" of " closed spaces", "crowded places" and "close - contact settings" and disinfection of the inside of vehicles.

Several studies have now been conducted on the discharge of microplastics (MPs) from municipal solid waste incinerator in Japan via wastewater. It has been found that a variety of MPs are contained in plant wastewater and wastewater from wet scrubber, most of which are removed by the wastewater treatment process. In this study, we focused on plastic recycling facilities in Japan to reveal the number concentration of MPs, their types, removal behavior in the wastewater treatment process, and emission impact. As a result, the number concentration of MPs influent the wastewater treatment process was 6.00x10³/L and the effluent the wastewater treatment process was 4.24/ L. More than 99.9% of MPs were removed by the wastewater treatment process. The number concentration of MPs discharged from this facility into the sewage via wastewater is comparable to the number concentration of MPs entering the sewage treatment plant as shown in other literature, and the impact of MPs discharge from the facility on the sewage is low due to the current wastewater treatment system.

In this study, measurements were conducted on one ranch to investigate the actual status and characteristics of odor substances generated from livestock manure. In addition, the concentration of odor substances emitted from the ranch was implemented as a heatmap by hour, day, and month to evaluate the odor generation characteristics at a specific time. Among the 22 odor-Causing substances, the concentration of Trimethylamine, Toluene, Xylene, and Ammonia was particularly high at the ranchin this study. As a result of the hourly heat-map, there was no result of discharging odorous substances over a specific time, but in the daily heat-map results, Trimethylamine, Xylene, and Ammonia were discharged at high concentrations in the middle of the month (10-17) and horses (24-30). As a result of the monthly heat-map, the concentration of the rest of the substances except Toluene was significantly higher in 2023 than in 2022, especially all substances in February and April, which is believed to be affected by temperature. Therefore, additional seasonal analysis is needed, and since the target ranch in this study has a large number of cow, future studies will need to investigate farms with a large number of pigs or chickens.

Plastic pollution has become a global environmental problem. Plastic pollution in the oceans is serious and significantly impacts ecosystems. Most of this plastic debris in the ocean is discharged from land areas through rivers, and most of this plastic debris is disposable household waste such as plastic bottles and plastic bags. In order to promote the use of "My Bottle," which is effective in reducing the use of beverage plastic bottles, which account for a large portion of the plastic litter collected in oceans and rivers, this study examined the actual use of My Bottle and what kind of refill spots consumers desire, based on conjoint analysis. The results showed that while many people had a high willingness to pay and supported a refill spot where not only water but also soft drinks were available as an alternative to existing vending machines, there was also some support for an inexpensive service that could be refilled only with water or sparkling water.

Recycling paper is an important issue in waste reduction and decarbonization. Fukuoka City has been working on the sorting of used paper as part of its waste reduction policy, but small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are less likely to sort used paper than large enterprises (LSEs). In this study, with the aim of improving the sorting rate by reducing the burden of sorting, we developed a prototype system that automatically supports sorting of paper using image recognition technology based on deep learning called CNN, and examined its construction. The results showed that the use of a large-scale pre-trained model with deep layers resulted in an 88% correct inference rate by image recognition. In addition, it was found that the correct inference rate for the major categories as burnable trash and used paper was over 90% for each.

Jeju Island has shown a trend of rapidly increasing the amount of waste discharged as related industries are activated, centering on the tourism industry. As of 2020, the average daily MSW waste per person in Jeju Island was 1.89 kg/person/day, which is about 1.6 times higher than the national average (1.16 kg/person/day). For the continuous development of the tourism industry, which is a representative industry of Jeju Island, policies for waste reduction and decarplastic society are needed. To this end, it is necessary to investigate the types and amounts of MSW waste in major tourism industries with many visitors from the tourism industry in the province, and establish policies for waste reduction and recycling based on this study.

Metropolitan cities in developing countries that featured rivers flowing through them often need to face riverine issues, including waste management in the riverside community. Jakarta City, Indonesia, for example, is intersected by multiple rivers, including the infamous Ciliwung River, which poses risks to thousands of households living along its banks. Kampung Melayu Subdistrict, the third most densely populated subdistrict in Jakarta with over 30,000 inhabitants, serves as an important case study for understanding waste management challenges in riverside communities. This research study was conducted in its riverside community to present a comprehensive waste flow analysis by employing a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques. Three segments of the waste flow analysis (river waste, in-land waste, recyclable materials) picturized the generation patterns, recovery, and existing management practices. It was found that 23% of the generated waste leaks into the environment, either staying on land or into the river. This waste flow analysis with the integration of both qualitative and quantitative approaches was found to provide valuable insights into the general waste flow in riverside communities. This research also found that uncertainty of illegally dumped waste amount, including river waste, calls for further verifying analysis.

This study investigates a methodology for achieving a quantitative understanding of waste plastic processing patterns based on regional characteristics. Specifically, the waste plastic treatment flow was analyzed using the developed methodology in a specific municipality located in Fukuoka Prefecture.

The study estimated and compared the amount of plastic fishing gear used and spilled by type using two methods of surveying plastic spillage: a survey using fishermen's logbooks and a survey combining a questionnaire to fishermen and purchase records. The fishing method assessed was longline fishing, which uses a relatively high amount of plastic gear per tonne of catch among boat fisheries. The specific volume of marine runoff was calculated. The average unit of plastic gear marine discharge per tonne of catch, for example, was 18 kg/t (1.9-34 kg/t) in the logbook survey and 14 kg/t (5.4-21 kg/t) in the questionnaire and purchase record survey, with slightly higher average values in the logbook survey, but the two surveys were broadly similar. values were generally close.

In this study, we investigate the impact of awareness-raising campaigns on the amount of municipal solid waste, using a unique dataset of the status of awareness-raising campaigns in Japanese municipal governments. The estimation results from the propensity score matching approach showed that the implementation of the waste reduction promoters and language prompt campaigns leads to a reduction in the amount of municipal solid waste. These results suggest the heterogeneity in the effectiveness of public awareness measures.

Currently, the problem of waste plastics is of increasing interest in Japan, and has become an important issue for the construction of a "recycling-oriented society." In addition, Japan's declining birthrate, aging population, and accelerating regional uneven distribution of the population are having a serious impact on efforts to protect the environment. Therefore, it is required to improve the efficiency of garbage collection and the sophistication of recycling.

In this report, we investigated papers on the current status of smart trash bin usage in various countries, focusing on the status of garbage collection and sorting, and summarized the usage status and issues in Japan. In addition, we conducted on-site surveys and hearing surveys at sites where business-related general waste was discharged, and based on the results of these surveys, we designed and tested a rational sorting method verification experiment according to the recycling method.

Promoting domestic plastic resource circulation is an important challenge in response to issues such as marine plastic waste, global warming, and import restriction on waste by foreign countries. To promote plastic resource circulation effectively, it is important to understand the treatment flow of waste plastic in various regions in Japan. In this study, the treatment flow of plastic in municipal waste in Hokkaido was estimated based on statistical data and questionnaire survey results from municipalities. Based on these results, it was revealed that the recycling rates vary significantly by region in Hokkaido, and the issues related to plastic resource circulation in municipal waste were analyzed and discussed. Furthermore, issues were identified related to existing statistical data and estimation results regarding estimation of the treatment flow of plastic in municipal waste.

This research paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge by examining the influence of others' behavior on individual waste reduction. Previous studies have explored various factors, such as individuals' attitudes towards environmental problems, environmental values, norms and so on, as determinants of waste reduction behavior. However, this study specifically focuses on investigating the impact of estimated value of others’ waste reduction behavior on individual waste reduction behavior. The data used for our analysis was collected through the "Environmental Awareness and Behavior: 2023 National Web Survey". Our findings reveal two important outcomes. Firstly, in terms of others' behavior, a majority of respondents estimated that approximately 50% of residents in their community engage in waste reduction. A smaller proportion of individuals estimated either low or high levels of cooperation among community members. Secondly, we examined the relationship between the estimated value of others' behavior and its impact on individual waste reduction. The analysis demonstrates that as the estimated value of others' cooperative behavior for waste reduction increases, more respondents tend to engage in waste reduction themselves. Importantly, we did not find any interaction effect between the estimated value and waste reduction based on the strength or weakness of a free-riding orientation.

To promote a recycling-oriented society, it is essential to promote recycling as a resource, which can be achieved through more accurate sorting. On the other hand, waste sorting in the waste treatment field is facing a labor shortage due to the declining birthrate and aging population, as well as a high workload due to the removal of foreign substances. We have developed an AI-equipped waste sorting support system (K-Repros®) using collaborative robots to support hands' sorting of recyclable waste at recycling facilities. The system has been introduced to the glass bottle sorting operation at the Iwanuma East Environmental Center since FY2022.In FY2023, we are developing educational activities by enhancing observation facilities for local children through this system, with the aim of improving the waste sorting awareness of local residents. This paper presents a case study of K-Repros® and educational activities using this system.

Mechanical recycling is desired as a measure to reduce the environmental impact of plastic products. However, it has been pointed out that the use of recycled materials lacks economic rationality compared to virgin materials, especially when recycled materials are more expensive. Cost acceptance by companies and consumers is crucial.

In this study, we analyzed the influence of the Eco Mark and accompanying resource recycling information on consumer behavior for recycled plastic products and daily commodities. Specifically, we conducted a conjoint analysis to calculate and examine the Marginal Willingness to Pay (MWTP) for samples categorized by questionnaire.

As a result, the display of the Eco Mark had a significant impact on MWTP, and the presence and increase of the recycled plastic input rate also had a positive effect, although at a lower level. In addition to individual attributes (such as gender), differences in the impact of product characteristics were also observed. Even within the daily commodities, the effectiveness of the Eco Mark and resource recycling information may vary depending on the product category.

Internet and technology advancement over the years made Scholars embraced online video sharing platform as a tool for interaction and engagement with public in modern society. Geopolymer as an environmentally friendly material became one of the topic disseminated through internet video sharing platform. Youtube is one of the most comprehensive online video sharing platform on the internet that provide publicly available data for data mining purposes. This research presents an in-depth and systematic perceptive structure analysis of waste-derived geopolymer material analysis on the features of Youtube videos on geopolymer issues utilizing 100 of the most popular Youtube videos. The comment section available in youtube videos were analyzed using sentiment analysis which defined as the study of analyzing user opinions, assessments, polarity, and subjectivity as they are expressed on the Youtube comment section. The sentiment analysis were provided based on Natural Language Processing (NLP) in order to study the internet user response to geopolymer in order to get the overall acceptance of the masses.

Awareness regarding environmental issues has been increasing over the years, especially with the visible effects of climate change. Pressure from supporters and other stakeholders about sports events drives international sporting organizations to incorporate sustainability when holding large-scale sporting events. With this pressure, the athletes are put in a special position to act on the environmental impacts that may have been directly or indirectly caused by sports. It may be unclear to the athletes where they lie in solving the environmental issues in sports. Literature review and semi-structured interview survey to athletes relating to environmental concerns in sports like waste management, energy use, climate change, and sustainability is carried out descriptively. Academic journals about sporting organization’s perspective on climate change and sustainability have been increasing, however, there is still a lack of research on the athlete’s perspective regarding these environmental issues. Athletes can use their platforms to voice out concerns about the environment. The results of this is helpful in identifying the awareness, actions, and best practices of athletes about waste and environmental concerns because of activities related to their sports.

The authors developed a web app for online broadcasting at food corner. To motivate the purchase of discount foods, the authors installed live cameras at food corners of 5 supermarkets and a department store, and delivered the still images, names, prices, and discount rates of discount foods via the web app. The title of the campaign was "Nokorifuku Campaign," and the campaign period was from October 8th to 31st, 2022. The total registration during the campaign period was 467, and the number of students were 91 (81 was students of Okayama University). By comparing with last year, food loss reduction effects were found at 3 supermarkets among 4 with available data, and the reduction effects also continued even in November, the next month of campaign. The authors also estimated confidential intervals of food loss reduction effects by the actual usage data of web-app by Monte Carlo simulation.

Food loss is a significant challenge in the milk supply chain, impacting both Japan and Mongolia. Accurate quantification of food loss remains difficult, leading to limited understanding of causes and solutions. This study presents case studies of the milk supply chain in Japan and Mongolia, aiming to enhance the quantification method of food loss. It employs a case study methodology, combining primary data collected through interviews with key personnel in the dairy industry and secondary data from official reports. The study proposes Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-based solutions, including the use of IoT devices and blockchain technology, to address the challenges. The case study in Mongolia highlights issues such as inefficient transportation, poor infrastructure, and reliance on imports, while in Japan, there are challenges related to demand-supply imbalances and limited data on milk loss. The proposed ICT solutions offer potential to improve efficiency, minimize waste, and ensure product quality. Collaborative efforts and data collection improvement are crucial in mitigating milk loss. These findings contribute to a more sustainable and resilient milk supply chain, not only in Japan and Mongolia but also in other regions facing similar challenges.

Food waste is a global issue, and in Japan, about half of food loss is generated by households. In this research, a cloud-based automatic weighing system was used to measure the amount of food waste at home. The research was conducted during 5 weeks among 29 households, which have two or more family members, in 20s to 70s age groups. 23 households were assigned to the intervention group, and the remaining 6 households were assigned to the control group. We asked all participants to separate food waste and put them into a dedicated waste bin, and during the intervention period, we used five supporting tools to support food waste prevention in "procurement," "storage," and "management” by targeting food in the refrigerator at home. Food waste was reduced by an average of 213 g in the intervention group in the two-week period before and after the intervention, with no rebound occurring in the follow-up period (5th week) after three months from the intervention period. Analysis by two-way mixed ANOVA showed that the interaction was significant using a 10% level of significance, suggesting an effect of the intervention. However, differences were more apparent in the follow-up period than in the intervention period.

An on-line questionnaire was conducted regarding what consumers regard as leftovers when dining in restaurants, and their attitudes towards them. Female and elderly tend to have a higher frequency of causing leftovers. Corresponding with that, they tend to be less uneasy about leaving food. 30% of the respondents regarded left condiments as leftovers, while for "Otoshi" (dish served in return for cover charge) the figure was not much higher than 50%. Many expressed that one should not excessively try to finish everything on the plate. We need to take these attitudes into account when implementing measures for reducing food waste.

It is difficult for restaurants to apply a reduction approach to leftover food in restaurants. Therefore, a social experiment was conducted using the nudge method to encourage customers to finish their meals without being aware of it.

Specifically, targeting the reduction of leftover rice from set meals at a university cafeteria, a nudge was placed on the bottom of the bowl to encourage customers to finish the meal.

As a result, it was confirmed that 5.48 g of rice per person per day was left uneaten before the intervention, but this was reduced to 1.70 g after the intervention.

In order to research and develop a new technology for modification irrigation pond bottom mud with recycled gypsum powder derived from waste plasterboard and reusing it in the agricultural field, we consulted with the environmental departments of two different local governments at the planned sediment extraction site in advance about the legal treatment of bottom mud. According to a notice from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, "Sediment and other similar materials generated by the dredging of ports and harbors, rivers, etc. are not waste subject to the Waste Disposal Law. "On the other hand, Prefecture Y, which targets bottom mud of irrigation pond, expressed the view that " bottom mud of irrigation pond is industrial waste (mud) stipulated in the Waste Disposal and Public Cleansing Law," while Prefecture N, which targets bottom mud of reservoir, expressed the view that " bottom mud of reservoir is not waste subject to the Waste Disposal and Public Cleansing Law (sediment)."Although there were differences in the scale and classification of ponds, the environmental departments of each local government made opposite judgments for bottom mud, which is the same category. This report examines this case.

The next Basic Plan for Establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society states that the use of manifests will ensure the proper disposal of industrial waste, and various digital technologies will be used. It will be added that efforts must be made to promote arteriovenous cooperation, such as by implementing initiatives that utilize. As of May 2023, the penetration rate of electronic manifests, which is one of these digital technologies, is approximately 78%. The basic plan aims to further promote the use of electronic manifests from the perspectives of ensuring proper processing and streamlining information management.

For the purpose of grasping the usage status of electronic manifests in industrial waste disposal companies and extracting issues, we examined the results of a questionnaire survey of subscribers conducted by the Japan Industrial Waste Information Center.

Industrial waste generators are required to have a wide range of knowledge on proper treatment of industrial waste. The Japan Industrial Waste Information Center conducted a survey on the status and format of employee training programs on the environment and waste treatment at industrial waste generators. The survey was conducted with the aim of contributing to the smooth and effective implementation of employee trainings at waste generators by publishing the survey results widely. The survey revealed that although waste generators often conduct their own employee trainings in person, they consider online trainings conducted by an external organization to be the most accessible form of training. It is considered difficult for waste generators to educate their employees by themselves due to the lack of time and knowledge.

The amount of insulation materials used is increasing due to the improvement of energy-saving performance in houses, and it’s expected that the amount of offcuts generated from insulation materials during construction will increase. Previous studies have shown that the amount of offcuts generated increases when plastic insulation used, and detailed analysis is required to reduce the amount of generated waste. Therefore, based on actual measurement data, we analyzed the effect of insulation specifications on the amount of thermal insulation remnants generated. In addition, the use of pre-cut materials is mentioned as a reduction measure, but the amount of reduction hasn’t been quantified. So, we aim to promote the use of pre-cut materials by quantifying it’s reduction. The amount of weight generated in basis was greater in the properties with outside basis insulation than with inside foundation insulation. This is thought to be due to the standard of the insulation material and the construction method. It was clarified that the amount of heat insulation in the basis that is close to the standard size due to cutting at the time of use is reduced. It also became clear that the amount of waste generated was reduced by using pre-cut materials.

The construction industry consumes a vast amount of resources and generates a large amount of waste compared to other industries, and thus has a significant role to play in one of the goals of the SDGs, "Responsibility to Create and Use". Currently, construction sludge, one of the wastes generated by the construction industry, is recycled as soil materials such as backfill and backfill material by solidifying and granulating it through calcination and melting processes. In this study, we proposed a carbon dioxide fixation technique called aeration curing as an effective recycling process for improved soil, which is made by dewatering construction sludge, and analyzed its characteristics. Aeration curing enables recycling of improved soil by neutralizing the pH of construction soil through the reaction of atmospheric carbon dioxide and calcium hydroxide. Aeration curing tests were conducted to analyze the characteristics of aeration curing. The amount of carbon dioxide fixed was also calculated by comparison with the theoretical equation.

In this research, from the viewpoint of waste resource recycling, in order to effectively use GC as sand cushion for ILB pavement, targeting GC with different particle sizes and sand with a proven track record as sand cushion for ILB pavement, conduct the test for sieve analysis of aggregates and test for amount of material passing test sieve 75μm in aggregates, the applicability of GC as sand cushion was examined.

It is estimated that approximately 200,000 tons of photovoltaic panels (PV panels) were installed in Hokkaido by 2021, and the volume of end-of-life panels is projected to increase post-2030. In this study, we consolidated the locations and specifications of PV panels and controlled-type industrial waste landfills in Hokkaido into a GIS database. Subsequently, the impact on the residual capacity of the landfills was estimated, assuming these panels were transported to the landfills via the optimal path. The results revealed an imbalance in the spatial distribution of the panel and landfill locations, leading to significant regional variations in the impact on the landfill's residual capacity. Notably, the Kushiro subprefecture was found to be significantly impacted due to the limited residual capacity of its landfill. The study suggests that if the capacity for disposal is insufficient, the panels might need to be transported to landfills in other regions, potentially leading to an increase in transportation costs. To prevent future abandonment of equipment and improper disposal, it is suggested to promote recycling and develop a disposal infrastructure that takes into account regional situations.

his research is a series of researches of "Study on location of urban area incineration plant with disaster prevention function", and this paper is a report of the resident's opinion survey conducted for residents around Shibuya Incineration Plant. The Shibuya Incineration Plant was completed in 2001 at a business site adjacent to a downtown area 500 meters south of Shibuya Station. The attributes of local residents are characterized by their residence style and occupation. As for residence style, the percentage of single-family owned houses is extremely low, and the percentage of multi-family dwellings is high. By occupation, the percentage of sole proprietors was more than twice the average of the other six factories, and it was characterized by a large number of business owners living in downtown areas. Less than half of the residents have a positive image of the incineration plant, but there are also a few negative residents, and nearly half of the residents have an intermediate image. On the other hand, nearly 90% of the residents felt the need for factories to become disaster prevention support facilities, and it was also shown that the image of factories would change favorably if they were turned into disaster prevention support facilities.

In recent years, natural disasters have become more severe and frequent. To prepare for this threat, the government of Japan has been asking local governments to establish measures for disaster waste in advance. Even in case of a disaster, local governments have to keep the disposal of daily waste and dispose of the large amount of disaster waste properly, smoothly and quickly. Therefore, local governments are required to build a system that cooperates widely. In order to realize wide-area disposal, it is necessary to plan the allocation of disaster waste to each plant, as well as to review the operation plan of each plant due to the additional disaster waste. For this, for example, a support center could be established, where operation data on each plant is aggregated, and these plans are formulated. However, it is very heavy task to manually create plans for efficiently disposing of disaster waste under the operational constraints of each plant. This paper introduces an application example of an efficient automatic planning method that assumes that disaster waste is received in a region and allocated among four cooperative facilities.

An advanced automated operating system for pit cranes was developed to control the quantity and quality of daily fluctuating loads by operating cranes in waste pits.

Reducing CO₂ emissions is getting a more important issue for waste treatment facilities to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Kawasaki is currently developing Kawasaki CO₂ Capture, KCC, a CO₂ capture technology using solid sorbent for post-combustion exhaust gas. KCC can be operated using low-temperature waste heat of about 60 degrees Celsius, which allows to recover CO₂ more efficiently than conventional CO₂ capture method. This technology has been developed for coal-fired power plants, and is planned to be applied to waste treatment plants. In this presentation, we introduce technical features of KCC and the status of the pilot-scale CO₂ capture demonstration for commercialization.

Methanation is a promising method of utilizing CO₂ derived from waste incineration, and can promote decarbonization of the city gas and heat utilization sectors by replacing fossil-based methane with carbon-neutral synthetic methane derived from waste. In this study, models of waste incineration plants with biogasification and methanation were built, and sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the methane production potential and environmental performance. The methane production of the models with methanation was about 1.4 to 1.9 times that of the model with biogasification only. If waste incineration plants with biogasification and methanation are built to meet the cumulative demand for plant reconstruction by 2050 in the Kinki region, they can produce up to about 150 million Nm³ of methane per year. The model in which hydrogen required for methanation is produced from surplus electricity and the model in which hydrogen is procured externally without restrictions show advantage in different situations depending on the emission factor of grid electricity and other factors.

Waste treatment technology in Japan has been formed and developed through a process of trial and error, with symptomatic and post-treatment responses. However, when looking at waste treatment as a whole, various distortions have started to occur. Incineration facilities are required to comply with emission regulations and the thermal abatement of ashes, and technologies have been developed to achieve these objectives. In final disposal, the concept of final disposal of waste has meant that little attention has been paid to the quality of landfill waste, and problems have been identified and addressed through changes in the upstream system. In other words, the 'waste management system' was not functioning. In order for the waste management system to function, a technology assessment of each unit process comprising the waste management system is necessary.

In waste treatment facilities, energy recovery primarily occurs through power generation. However, the current power generation efficiency of these facilities remains low, making it difficult to improve the power generation efficiency through waste incineration in the future due to the increasing adoption of waste recycling and biomass power generation. Against this background, heat utilization has been recognized as an effective means to address the problem of energy utilization efficiency decline in waste treatment facilities. However, the widespread adoption of heat utilization is currently hindered by factors such as the impact of facility location conditions and the absence of appropriate criteria for evaluating heat utilization. This research aims to improve the energy utilization rate of waste treatment systems by focusing on infrastructure collaboration and quantifying its effects. It proposes infrastructure collaboration to understand the current energy utilization status of existing waste treatment facilities and reports the results of environmental and economic evaluations of previous case studies.

The waste sludge reduction from sewage treatment has been investigated by many researchers around the world. We selected a self-oxidation process and have operated the process in an actual sewage treatment center in order to minimize the waste sludge disposal cost. In this study, a completely closed self-oxidation process was conducted for almost one year without withdrawing waste sewage sludge from the sewage treatment system. Cost reduction calculation was done in the previous report but did not include the cost of withdrawing waste sewage sludge in the rehabilitation period that is the time needed for normalizing the system. Comprehensive cost reduction calculation was done including the cost in the rehabilitation period in this report. Concludingly, it was found that more than 8,000,000 yen for waste sludge disposal cost was saved through the study.

This study provided an optimal matching scheme supporting low-carbon style recycling systems, demonstrated using polyvinyl chloride waste generated in 2018 in Mie Prefecture, Japan. The matching includes 40 pretreatment facilities and 62 recycling plants (material recycling: MR, chemical recycling: CR, and energy recovery: ER). The optimal solutions were detected by using a Linear Programming approach. As matched in the current case, 8 of 40 pretreatment facilities, all 8 MR, 9 of 13 CR, and 0 ER facilities were allocated for disposal. From an environmental aspect, CO2 emission reductions were estimated by MR about 222.6 kt CO2 and by CR about 24.5 kt CO2. In the future case, the matched number of facilities were not changed so much, however, the emission reductions were estimated to be increased a lot due to the recycling technology development.

The "KAMIKURU Project" initiative using dry office paper making machine has been underway in Kitakyushu City since October 2020. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the social impact of the Camikle project using social return on investment (SROI) and to propose a methodology to assess its contribution to achieving the SDGs by utilizing SROI outcome information. SROI values were calculated using two methods, one using a monetary proxy indicator and the other using the amount of willingness to pay. The contribution of the SDGs was calculated by administering a weighted questionnaire asking about the relationship between each SROI value outcome and each SDG goal. When SROI values were calculated, it was estimated that both methods would generate approximately three times the social value for the amount invested, confirming the effectiveness of the project. And, the results of the SDG contribution assessment indicated a high level of contribution to Goal 4 and Goal 17.

This study surveyed collection performances of PET bottle and can using smart recycling bins (SmaGO® FORCETEC Co.) at Omotesando, Tokyo in July, 2022. Coupled with pedestrian traffic flow data (KDDI Location analyzer®), a model to predict waste collection of single recycling bin was developed and validated. Because waste collection data followed logarithmic normal distribution, a log-normal distribution-based model as a function of the distance to a recycling bin was tested. This model could not predict waste collection performances sufficiently. Because waste collections were significantly influenced by weather, temperature, and day, the independent variable was modified to include them as well as logarithmic transform of the distance. The modified model predicted waste collection performances better. This study also found that the effects of sunny weather and low temperature should be evaluated more appropriately to improve model underestimation. On the other hand, different factors rather than weather, temperature, and day might have caused model overestimation.

In recent years, an increasing number of municipalities have introduced information provision means and support systems that cater to the diversity of their residents, in addition to the traditional distribution of Japanese-language paper media, such as collection day calendars, to each household. However, there has been no comprehensive survey or analysis of the implementation status of these measures. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate and analyze the implementation status of information provision and support targeting diverse residents in municipalities, and to clarify the current status and issues.

The agricultural sector has emerged as a hub of opportunities for the production of organic fertilizer under the organic farming policy in Sri Lanka. But it has become more challenging to bridge the supply-demand mismatch in paddy growing. As the first empirical study on analyzing the possibility of using Municipal Solid Waste as an organic fertilizer supplement, this study examined the paddy farmers' perception of Solid Waste Compost (SWC) as a supplement for organic paddy farming that is sustainable. The Attanagalla Divisional Secretariat has been chosen as the study region, and from March to May 2023, face-to-face interviews with paddy farmers were conducted using a standardized questionnaire. Data from 254 respondents were gathered and tabulated. Using a 5-point Likert scale, the established 9 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) were analyzed and compared. Overall the results demonstrate that farmers adopt SWC for their rice cultivation, they do, however, have a strikingly unfavorable opinion of SWC's prompt availability. We contend that for the SWC production to be improved and delivered with official certification, robust government involvement, including a framework and financial assistance, is necessary.

The objective of this research is to investigate the potentiality of the waste generated by tea and coffee street sellers in Khartoum to use for compost production and help farmers by providing high-quality natural fertilizer with affordable prices. The examination of this study depends on the quantitative methodology. The target populations are compost factories, agricultural field workers, and tea and coffee street sellers. The survey result shows the existing resource for raw material is not enough to cover the compost factories’ demand. The compost option for farmers is determined according to the price and availability. Price is the most factor that affects to purchase of fertilizer purchase. The street seller's monthly income is less than 200$. The estimated number of street sellers in Khartoum is about 23,000. The expected amount of waste per day =345 to 690 tons/month. This amount can add a new source of raw material will help to reduce the obstacles in obtaining raw materials for compost factories and lead to reduce the organic fertilizers price for the farmers. That will create a new source of income for street sellers to increase their income. Besides improving the waste management practices and recycling system of the city.