Study of the impact of end-of-life photovoltaic panels on the residual capacity of controlled-type landfill sites in Hokkaido, Japan

Abstract

It is estimated that approximately 200,000 tons of photovoltaic panels (PV panels) were installed in Hokkaido by 2021, and the volume of end-of-life panels is projected to increase post-2030. In this study, we consolidated the locations and specifications of PV panels and controlled-type industrial waste landfills in Hokkaido into a GIS database. Subsequently, the impact on the residual capacity of the landfills was estimated, assuming these panels were transported to the landfills via the optimal path. The results revealed an imbalance in the spatial distribution of the panel and landfill locations, leading to significant regional variations in the impact on the landfill's residual capacity. Notably, the Kushiro subprefecture was found to be significantly impacted due to the limited residual capacity of its landfill. The study suggests that if the capacity for disposal is insufficient, the panels might need to be transported to landfills in other regions, potentially leading to an increase in transportation costs. To prevent future abandonment of equipment and improper disposal, it is suggested to promote recycling and develop a disposal infrastructure that takes into account regional situations.