Nitrite Production by Nitrifying Bacteria in Urban Groundwater Used in a Chlorinated Public Bath System in Japan

Abstract

In contrast to pathogens, the effects of environmental microbes on the water quality in baths have not yet been examined in detail. We herein focused on a public bath in which groundwater was pumped up as bath water and disinfected by chlorination. Ammonia in groundwater is oxidized to nitrite, thereby reducing residual chlorine. A batch-culture test and bacterial community ana­lysis revealed that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria accumulated nitrite and had higher resistance to chlorination than nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. These results demonstrate that the difference in resistance to chlorination between ammonia-oxidizing and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria may lead to the accumulation of nitrite in baths using groundwater.