Evaluation of Disease Suppressiveness of Soils in Croplands by Co-Cultivation of Pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum and Indigenous Soil Microorganisms

Abstract

An evaluation of suppressiveness against soil-borne diseases is important for their control. We herein assessed disease suppression against F. oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae using the Fusarium co-cultivation method in 75 soils collected from croplands around the country. The suppressive effects of soil microbes against F. oxysporum growth were examined by simultaneously culturing soil suspensions and F. oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae on a culture medium. The growth degree of F. oxysporum on the medium varied among the 75 soils tested, and 14 soils showing different degrees of growth were selected to investigate the incidence of spinach wilt by cultivating spinach inoculated with the pathogenic F. oxysporum strain. A correlation (r=0.831, P<0.001) was observed between the disease incidence of spinach wilt and the growth degree of F. oxysporum using the co-cultivation method in the 14 selected soils. No correlations were noted between chemical and biological parameters (including pH and the population density of microbes, except for the growth degree of F. oxysporum) and the growth degree of F. oxysporum and incidence of spinach wilt, indicating that it was not possible to predict the degree of growth or disease incidence based on specific chemical and biological characteristics or their combination. The present results suggest that an evaluation of the growth degree of F. oxysporum by the Fusarium co-cultivation will be useful for diagnosing the disease suppressiveness of soil against pathogenic F. oxysporum in croplands.