Decarburisation may be commonly described as loss of carbon from the surface of ferrous materials. It is generally an undesirable material characteristic in the manufacturing industry. When components are hardened, decarburisation will reduce the surface hardness of the material and hence decrease its operational life under conditions of wear. This unwanted condition must therefore be eliminated from the heat treatment process. This paper summarises the causes of decarburisation in heat treatment and gives some troubleshooting tips for industrial practice, together with a case study.