抄録
In recent years, the increasing energy demands in the residential and commercial sector have resulted in increased carbon dioxide emissions (CO_2). In response, local authorities have proposed the compact city, a collection of business facilities such as a hospitals, hotels, offices and stores, with the intent to reduce energy consumption and improve the utilization efficiency of energy. Reducing energy consumption in business facilities is of critical importance, as urban areas continue the trend of concentration of people and services. In previous research, the evaluation of CO_2 emissions in the commercial sector was carried out using a combined system, composed of a micro-grid and district heating and cooling. The purpose of this research is to clarify the optimal combination of energy conversion technologies for each facility. A middle scale city in Japan that included 4 facilities (hospital, hotel, office, and store) was assumed, and 27 combinations of energy conversion technologies were evaluated. The objective function for optimization was installation and running costs. The combination of technologies was optimized to minimize the objective function. The optimization model was built using the GAMS/BARON solver. Comparing the results for each case, the optimal combinations were determined. The lowest the running costs for any facility type were achieved when photovoltaics, heat pump water heaters and turbo refrigerators were utilized.
