Nano-Level Manufacturing by Multifunction Cavitation

Abstract

This work assessed the fundamental characteristics of multifunction cavitation (MFC), that was high-temperature and high-pressure cavitation, through both experimental investigations. The application of ultrasonication to the floating cavitation of a water jet was found to produce microjets containing hot spots. MFC exhibited the capacity to perform nano-level hot work at a material surface, modifying the surface morphology and the surface electrochemical condition by hot spot melting. Ultrasonic irradiation of a water jet during floating cavitation was used to generate microjets with hot spots and this MFC process was employed to perform hot work on titanium oxide (TiO₂) particles as well as an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) film on soda-lime glass and a steel surface.