Abstract
Japan is one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world. Evacuation plans are required to allow people in buildings and underground shopping areas to evacuate promptly when disasters such as fires and earthquakes occur. Therefore, it is necessary to use evacuation simulations. In this study, we modeled humans using a distinct element method.In a conventional evacuation simulation, human behavior cannot be expressed perfectly. Therefore, we paid attention to the human avoidance area. In this study, we set the radius of the avoidance area (which we called Pseudo radius) and its angle for each evacuee. In a previous study we have used constant values for the Pseudo radius and angles, but in this study we treated these as variables depending on the relative velocity of the avoidance subject. Then, we performed walking tests of overtaking and passing through which the relationship between the relative velocity, the Pseudo radius, and the angle was obtained. Additionally, in the conventional evacuation simulation, the spring constant was a constant value. However, the evacuator's moving velocity becomes faster, which means that evacuees are placed in a more tensed psychological state. Therefore, we considered that the spring constant, which determines the repulsive force received from the people around the subject, changes depending on the velocity of the evacuees themselves. Therefore, the relationship between the velocity and the spring constant was obtained from the results of the walking experiment. From the above two points, we propose a simulation model that is closer to the actual walking trajectory than the conventional simulation model.
