Interfacial fracture toughness and through-thickness residual stress distribution of HVOF sprayed SUS316L stainless steel coatings on carbon steel substrates were investigated in order to examine the reliability of a newly developed evaluation technique and to study the effects of residual stress fields onto the strain energy release rate at the interface cracks. The measurements of interfacial fracture toughness were carried out by modifying the conventional tensile adhesion test method by inserting a carbon layer at the interface to form an interfacial pre-crack. Residual stress distribution was evaluated by measuring the relaxed strain at the substrate surface for reduction of the coating thickness. The modified technique showed good reproducibility for the samples deposited under various spray conditions. The correlations between the toughness and residual stress fields will be discussed.