Nano-scale fibrillation of pulp fibers and purified cellulose was successfully conducted by batch-type kneader with twin-screw elements, specially designed disk mill, and high-pressure homogenizer (more than 200 MPa). The screws in batch-type kneader were coordinated to give a maximum shearing force and thus obtained results are introduced with the final purpose to utilize twin-screw extruder. This presentation mainly summarizes the morphological characteristics of thus obtained nanofibers and its application for nanocomposite.