In order to discuss FPP process, the peening behavior of shot particles such as velocity were analyzed by using a high-speed camera and characterized by a Vickers hardness tester and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thickness of hardened layer and unique microstructure with stratification patterns treated with higher peening pressure was much higher than that of the lower pressure treated one. The reason for the microstructural changes by the FPP treatment was discussed based on the impact energy of shot particles.