This paper presents a study on hardened layer and bending fatigue strength of induction-hardened gears. The measurement of hardened layer and the bending fatigue test were carried out for induction hardened gears made of thermally refined and normalized S35C and S45C steels, and then the surface hardness, the hardened depth, the macro- and micro-structure of hardened layer and S-N curves were obtained. Effects of the material and the tempering on the bending fatigue strength of induction hardened gears were examined.