Synchronous belts are widely used in various industrial equipments as a power transmission element. In the synchronous belt, the helical cord is inserted as the tension member. The main fracture mode during the belt driving is considered to be the bending fatigue of the helical cord. In this study, the failure mechanism of the synchronous belt is investigated. At first, the failure mode is observed. Then, the curvature of the synchronous belt is measured to discuss the belt bending. Moreover, the bending fatigue failure of the helical cord is investigated.